Solar Water Heater

A solar water heater is a device that uses solar collectors to absorb sunlight and convert it into thermal energy to heat water, providing an energy-efficient alternative to electric or gas heaters. It consists of collectors, typically on a roof, and an insulated storage tank for storing hot water.

• Solar Collectors: These gather sunlight. Common types include flat-plate collectors (dark, glazed panels) and evacuated tube collectors (vacuum-sealed tubes).
• Storage Tank: An insulated tank that stores the heated water.
• Active System: Uses electric pumps and controllers to circulate water.
• Passive System: Relies on gravity and thermosiphon (natural circulation) to move water, often without pumps. 

1. Absorption: Solar collectors, usually placed on a roof, absorb solar radiation.
2. Heating: The solar energy heats a fluid (water or antifreeze) inside the collector.
3. Circulation/Storage: The heated water is circulated into a storage tank for immediate or later use.